jesus :: essays research papers

Christianity A rise in the Classical Period correct though Christianity developed later than some other religions, and caught on slowly, its ideas were very popular. Some people were disagreeing with Judaism, and therefore reformed their ideas to fit with those of Christianity. capital of Minnesota of Tarsus (5 c. e. - 67 c. e) was considered the or so important religious leader in the developing and spreading of Christian beliefs. For Paul to prove that Christianity is for all people, he wrote letters and epistles. The appeal of Pauls letters to the Romans helped spread Christianity by setting a universal foundation to different communities all over Europe. The letters Paul wrote later became part of the reinvigorated Testament of the Bible. Some people did accept Jesus as the Messiah, but others did not. Believers in Judaism were revolting against Jesus and his beliefs. The Roman government took Jesus into their control and Pontius Pilate demanded his crucifixion. However, a n umber of devoted followers were able to spread the story of Jesus. They pronounced that Jesus had overcome death, been resurrected and rose into Heaven. Of these followers the most important was Paul of Tarsus. Paul of Tarsus was on one occasion Jewish, but converted to Christianity. His strong will and ability to stand up for what he believed in led him to first stand the courage to convert himself into Christianity, and to encourage others to do the same. He preached to a number of Jews and gentiles throughout Europe and Asia. Pauls writings caught the attention and popularity of so umteen people, mainly Romans, because they were profound, in depth teachings, and words that were new and unfamiliar to many. The writings that Paul wrote accentuated the idea of Christianity being a religion for all people. In many of Pauls ideas, one main concept was that of the introduction of Greco-Roman ideas, with the inclusion of Roman law. Of his writings, the letter from Paul to the Romans w as the building block of the spread of Christianity. In the letters Paul begins to explain the truths of Christianity as they are known and are still used today. The idea of humans being able to be forgiven from breach is the one of the main key concepts included. Pauls states that sin is an act of disobedience to god, but also states that it is not an act that cannot be forgiven.

Free Trade With China :: essays research papers

China will continue its efforts to enter into the World Trade Organization (WTO), Chinese Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi verbalize in Beijing on April 21 during her talks with Renato Ruggiero, director-general of WTO. Wu said that although China hopes to solve this problem as soon as possible, it is prepared for new difficulties and obstacles it will governing body in the entry process. No matter what the outcome, she said, China will not stop but rather speed up its reform and beginning drive. She remark that Chinas position on entering WTO is firm and clear, and Chinas entry will be not only beneficial to China but also to all members of WTO and the breeding of the world economy. Wu said that China asked to join the multi-national trade system 11 years ago because the country realized at that time that the objectives of the reform and opening are to gradually change from the planned economy to a collective market economy. Chinas participation in the WTO shares the aims of reform and opening, as well as those of the socialist market economy, which was advocated by the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. Wu said she is satisfied with the progress made in the recent third meeting of the Chinese workings group, saying it indicates that as long as the parties concerned have a sincere desire to solve the problem, and bring that sincerity to the negotiation table, the discussions will escape forward. The study negotiation parties should work harder to be flexible and down to earth, in order to make the most of the current opportunity, she said, adding that Chinas efforts alone are not enough. Wu said that major members of WTO should not take Chinas development potential as reality and therefore make an unrealistic evaluation of the situation. China firmly opposes frugal hegemonism and hopes that major negotiating parties will raise their requirement on a legal basis and within the mechanism and scope of WTO agreements, she noted. In the meantime, she continued, they should also take into consideration Chinas economic status as a developing country and its social and economic situation.

The Benefits of the Atkins Diet Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Exercis

The Benefits of the Atkins DietThe Atkins diet has been attacked in recent years and been accused of being a fury diet that does not successfully cause weight down loss and is the causes of health problems. The most criticized area of the Atkins diet is the seemingly unlimited amount of fat and sum total that is allowed within the diet. This unconventional method of weight loss is the center of the animosity towards the Atkins diet. Though this diet may not be the best method of weight loss for all dieters, it is beneficial and extremely efficient for others. The Atkins diet is the best choice for dieters looking to lose a few superficial pounds quickly because dieters on the Atkins diet lose more weight within 3-6 months and do not experience the heart disease characteristics that some accuse it of.The method of the Atkins diet is to hold in carbohydrate intake, while allowing the consumption of solid foods that are high in protein and fat. This method has been controversi al because it contradicts the conventional food pyramid, which promotes the consumption of foods with less fat and the largest proportion of food being carbohydrates like whole wheat. The food pyramid promoters do not agree with Dr. Atkins promotion of foods high in protein and fat. In fact, most believe that he allows an unlimited amount of protein and fat in his diet but this is not true. The Atkins diet is supposed to contain 70% fat, 25% protein, and 5% carbohydrates (though most twine from the fat and protein limits). Therefore in the first phase of the diet where the dieter is supposed to consume no more than 20 grams of carbohydrates, they are to also consume no more than 100 grams of protein and 280 grams of fat. So, the Atkins diet does not... ...energy source in the absence of the carbohydrates. The Atkins diet successfully loses more weight compared to low-fat diets due to its weight loss method. As I have proven, the Atkins diet can be beneficial esp ecially to the short-term dieter. This diet loses more weight within the first 3-6 months compared to the conventional low-fat diet which is better for the dieter that wants to lose those extra few pounds before an event. Although many believe that the Atkins diet allows an unlimited amount of fat and protein, there is a limit as to how a great deal of each the dieter is supposed to consume. And even though this limit of fats and protein is much higher than the suggested amount for the low-fat diet, it has been proven that the Atkins diet is not detrimental but beneficial to the eudaimonia of the dieters heart and circulatory system.

Existents In Alfian Saats Umbrella :: Alfian Saat Umbrella Papers

Existents In Alfian Saats UmbrellaIn the short story Umbrella, the author Alfian Saat relates the tale of a unripened Malay Singaporean secondary school student, Hafiz. Alfian uses an older Hafiz as the narrator who recounts his experiences retaking his O levels for the second time. Hafiz tells us ab out his relationship with Chris, a tuition instructor hired by his father to help him pass his examinations.I feel that Umbrella is essentially a story about the imposition of certain(p) norms and standards on members of society. It tells us how students are conscious of the need to fulfill societys nonion of achiever. Through Hafizs eyes, we are led to see how he is trapped in this system that forces certain standards upon him but yet does not give him the appropriate training and skills to reach the standards. Thus, Hafiz is unable to fit into the identity that he is pressured to accept. We also see how Hafiz himself desires to achieve success as society perceives it, but finally r ealizes his true identity and comes to terms with it, even though it may not be the norm. However, how does Umbrella cause such(prenominal) an onus on the reader? What tools are being utilized in the narrative that can invoke such feelings? I believe that the author uses what Seymour Chatman calls existents to remove out such an effect on readers. Thus, in this essay we will seek to discover how existents, namely character and setting, are employed to draw out such an effect.Firstly, let us look at character. Tzvetan Torodov, a French structuralist, discusses two categories of narrative. He labels them as apsychological and psychological narratives. By apsychological, Torodov means narratives that are patch centered and by psychological, character centered (Chatman 113). Readers can discern that Umbrella is essentially psychological in nature. Most of the story takes place in Hafizs elbow room and is generally presented through the conversations between Hafiz and Chris and throu gh Hafizs thoughts. There are few characters in this story. We have the protagonist Hafiz and his tuition teacher Chris as the two principal(prenominal) leads. Along with them are less important characters such as Hafizs parents and a certain maths relief teacher. Chatman emphasizes that characters are important to a narrative and they should not be treated as mere plot functions (119). As such, these characters must play a crucial role in bringing out the effect of the narrative, and we will seek to decipher how this is done.

Mozart Essay examples -- essays research papers

MOZART      Mozart is perhaps the greatest musical genius who ever lived. Mozart s full nameis Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Most large number called him Mozart or Wolfgang. Mozart wasborn in Salzburg, Austria, January 27, 1756.      Mozart is the greatest musical child prodigy who ever lived. He began composingminuets at the come along of 5 and symphonies at age 9. His father took him on a series ofconcert tours together with his sister, Maria Anna born four and one-half years beforeMozart. She too, was a child prodigy. twain played the keyboard, but Mozart became aviolin virtuoso, as well.      In 1762 he and his sister, "Nannerl," as she was nicknamed, performed before theElector of Bavaria in Munich, and at the Imperial Court in Vienna. In 1763 the Morzartsvisited Mannheim. This is where Mozart, learned all about the orchestra and symphoniescomposed there.      In London Mozart met the son of J . S. Bach. He played before distinguishedaudiences, and composed a sacred chorus. In 1770, he began to master the two types ofItalian opera opera buffa (comic opera) and opera seria (serious opera). In 1777,Mozarts family visited Paris. His mother fell ill and died during their visit. In 1782,Mozart married Constanze weber against his fathers wishes. In 1783, Mozart andConstanze visited Salzburg, where he helped Michael Haydn out of a difficult spo...

Mutual Respect Between Students and Teachers Essay -- Education Relati

Mutual Respect Between Students and Teachers The relationship between students and teachers should be one of mutual respect. Students should listen to the teacher and stress their best in the class. Teachers, on the other hand need to do their best to give their students a quality educational activity and respect them as individuals. in that location should be a set curriculum, but teachers need to be creative in how they teach what is required. California is considered one of the lowest in terms of education standards. In order for this to change, teachers and students both need to start working towards a solution. Students need to have more respect for their teachers and take more responsibility for their education. I have noticed a difference in the attitudes of people in high school now and when I went to school. few high school teachers key me that their students come to school high on marijuana, or drunk. From my own experience with young people at my workplace, I noticed when they go out, they often talk of the town about different drugs they leave behind take to heighten their enjoyment, and have heard some comment they dont want to go somewhere like Disneyland, or charming Mountain sober. When I attended high school, people would drink and do drugs at parties, but only the stoners would do anything at school, or at closely other functions. Some of the students I talked to at work said they feel school is boring and they dont learn anything from their teachers. Most of the homework their teachers give them is busy work. Some pointed out they learned more in elementary school and junior high, but havent learned much in high school. Another point that was do was the lack of useful electives. Art, Auto shop, and Music are offered, but there are no busin... ...ross boundaries in a classroom they may see as intimidating, and a revision of how we see educational excellence. (117) Education will only improve if teachers and students learn to respect each others positions. A place to start is by finding a common ground, an understanding. The curriculum, canon, or list of Great Books is a good common starting place. By keeping this canon in our schools, we will keep a common link between generations. The next step is the teachers presentation of their lessons. The students need to be able to relate to the lessons. The final step is the students. They essential take responsibility for their education and try to learn what is being presented to them. Works CitedRose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. The Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz. Boston, New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 105-119.

Mutual Respect Between Students and Teachers Essay -- Education Relati

Mutual Respect Between Students and Teachers The relationship between students and teachers should be one of mutual respect. Students should listen to the teacher and try their lift discover in the class. Teachers, on the early(a) hand need to do their best to give their students a quality education and respect them as individuals. There should be a set curriculum, but teachers need to be creative in how they teach what is required. California is considered one of the lowest in terms of education standards. In order for this to change, teachers and students both need to start working towards a solution. Students need to permit more respect for their teachers and appropriate more responsibility for their education. I have noticed a difference in the attitudes of people in high school now and when I went to school. Some high school teachers tell me that their students stick with to school high on marijuana, or drunk. From my own experience with young people at my workplace, I not iced when they go out, they often talk closely different drugs they will take to heighten their enjoyment, and have heard some comment they dont want to go somewhere like Disneyland, or Magic visual sense sober. When I attended high school, people would drink and do drugs at parties, but only the stoners would do anything at school, or at most other functions. Some of the students I talked to at work said they feel school is boring and they dont learn anything from their teachers. Most of the homework their teachers give them is busy work. Some pointed out they learned more in elementary school and junior high, but havent learned much in high school. Another point that was made was the deprivation of useful electives. Art, Auto shop, and Music are offered, but there are no busin... ...ross boundaries in a classroom they may see as intimidating, and a revision of how we see educational excellence. (117) Education will only improve if teachers and students learn to respect each ot hers positions. A place to start is by decision a common ground, an understanding. The curriculum, canon, or list of Great Books is a good common starting place. By delivering this canon in our schools, we will keep a common link between generations. The next step is the teachers presentation of their lessons. The students need to be able to relate to the lessons. The final step is the students. They must take responsibility for their education and try to learn what is being presented to them. Works CitedRose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. The Presence of Others. Ed. Andrea A. Lunsford, John J. Ruszkiewicz. Boston, New York Bedford/St. Martins, 2000. 105-119.

Communication Essay

I. Mass Media Effect on Childrens and Teens Body find Outline Mass media outlets of all forms effect adolescent girls and young womens body image negatively. Be it via magazine, television, movies, advertisement, or other sources, girls and young women are bombarded with bay window media constantly that contain hidden messages to the highest degree the ideal woman, and messages on elans to attain the attributes required to be socially accepted by these unspoken standards. frequent attitudes acquired by children and teens from the media of what is unobjectionable physically, related eating disarrays, media literacys effect on whether an individual will be easily influenced or not by imperceptible mass media messages on body image will be discussed accordingly.A. Mass Media Effects on ChildrensAttitudes towards over iron outt individuals and/or obesity 1. According to Bissell K. and Hays, H. (2011), in the article, Understanding Anti-Fat Bias in Children The Role of Media and A ppearance Anxiety in Third to Sixth Graders Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Obesity children develop attitudes about acceptable body weight from media such as television. Children view television close to 6 hours a day according to Bissell and Hays (2011). The subliminal field on acceptable body fat and physical appearance abounds. Bissell and Hays state that, Given this amount of exposure, it seems likely children are exposed to television and images that reinforce notions about the importance of scantness and attractiveness (p. 116-7). Bissell and Hays as well as say . . . The medias influence on the body image of children that the media perpetuate beliefs about the importance of comminutedness and that a negative stigma associated with being overweight is then possibly formed (p. 117). 2. The Social Learning Theory closely relates to the attitudes of other children towards individuals, and can be applied to this point.B. Mass media effects on eating disorders1. In the article, Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disorder Attitudes and Behaviors in Females A Review of Effects and Processes, by Lopez, et al. (2010), direct effects of magazine and television on adolescent girls and young women. According to Lopez et al, Undeniably, a substantial portion of media content consumed by children and adolescents is replete with unhealthy messages about the beauty ideal, body size, food, weight control, and the gender occasions of women and girls, as well as use of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances for managing ones emotions and self-presentation (pg. 388). Lopez et al goes on to discuss the way that the mass media effects adolescents without their realizing it People are often unawareand mass media work hard to keep it that wayof the extent to which, and just exactly how mass media play an important role in promoting consumerism, body objectification, and internalization of the current beauty ideal (Lopez et al., 2010).2. According to R ieves, S. (2011) Models weigh 23% less than the average woman, while a generation ago the gap was 8%. This ideal sets an impractical role model for young girls. Rieves (2011) also points out the startling fact that, At the start of puberty, 81% of 10-year-olds are afraid of being fat (p. 123). Rieves also alludes to the evidence of studies, and said Researchers consistently nd a strong relationship between media exposure and the epidemiology of eating disorders at the aggregate population level (p. 123).3. Social Comparison Theory relates to eating disorder development and mass media influence. According to Rieves (2011), Moreover, celebrity images contribute to un virtual(prenominal) weight through social comparison (p. 124).C. Mass Media effects regarding Media Literacy 1. In the article, Idealism Factors poignant the Body Image of College Students by Pitura A., college students participated in a study to determine the degree mass media effected body image and which media sources were more influential. Pitura says that media literacy is a critical quality in whether or not an individuals body image will be negatively affected by media exposure. According to Pitura (2010), In order to become media literate one must be able to sort through the information given by the media and determine fact from legend (p. 63). 2. According to Meng, J. and Bissell, K., (2009) As young girls look to television and movie stars such as Miley Cyrus (Hannah Montana) or Ashley Tisdale (High School Musical), they see the glamorized images, to a large degree, of very thin girls (p. 7). What viewers can distinguish between what is real and what is glamorized relates to each viewers level of media literacy. If a viewer has a low media literacy, the images that viewer regards as realistic and acceptable outweigh the views of viewers who hold a more realistic outlook when consuming media such as the television shows mentioned.D. Mass Media Effects Factors impart to Body Image1. Seve ral factors contribute to mass media effects on an individual. The degree of consumption of media, the media form, and peer pressure all play a role in the internalization of body image often these ideals are excessively thin due to media images. 2. A study of girls ages 9 through 12, by Clark and Tiggerman (2006), cerebrate that media does in facts effects ones body image and self-worth from adolescents and earlier There is no doubt, however, that the mass media are powerful transmitters of societal ideals for children, just as for adults (Clark and Tiggerman).

A Good Friendship

The Bible Ecclesiastes notes that two are better than one because they watch a nice reward for their labor. For if they fall, the one will lift up his fellow but woe unto him that is alone when he fal permith for he hath not other to help him up. A well(p) fightership is one of the most important relationships we will have in our lives. What is a friend anyways? Its one who comfort you and has a lot in common with you. Sure, we have family, but it is often a friend we go to when we need comfort and advice. Being a real friend requires certain important characteristics. A friend needs to be dependable, supportive, and giving.First, dependability is part of being a good friend. A good friend is dependable and you can trust them. She makes you feel safe and secure. Your friend will not share your secrets with others. She sticks with you in good times and in bad. When you ask for advice, a good friend points you toward the right direction. Privately, she points out your mistakes and also helps you overcome them. A good friend always tells you the truth, even if its something you dont penury to hear. Secondly, not only do good friends have to be dependable, they also have to be supportive. A good friend is supportive of you reaching your goals.She doesnt try to change who you are or drag you into situations that make you feel uncomfortable. A good friend doesnt wait for you to call she makes an effort to life in touch with you, even if it is through a quick phone call or an email. When you need to talk, a good friend is always there. In a time of crisis she is the first person to come to your aid. Also, she doesnt allow you to indulge in any addictions or illicit activities. She understands that you have family, other friends and colleagues who are part of your life too, and she doesnt cling to you always. A good friend respects your privacy.Whether you have good news to share or grievances, she gives you her full attention. another(prenominal) very impor tant attribute of being a good friend is giving. A good friend gives more than what is asked of her. When she sees a need, she responds before the other has a chance to ask for help. She doesnt expect anything in return. A good true friend shares her time if you need help with a project or a goal, she is there. She shares her knowledge on how to successfully complete the project, or she may even offer a few words of wisdom. When youre between a rock and a hard spot, she gives you her assistance.It might be to loan you money. Also, she shares her possessions, such as a simple screwdriver to finish the project. It might be more perplex such as the loan of a beautiful dress to go on that special date. Best of all she has a generous spirit. A good friend can be defined in many different ways. Some examples In kindergarten, my idea of a good friend was the person who let me have the red crayon when all that was left was the ugly black one that no one wanted. In ninth grade, my idea of a good friend was the person who would go with me to a party thrown by a senior so that I wouldnt be the only dispatcher there.The summer after graduation, my idea of a good friend was the person who helped me clean up bottles from a party and helped me sneak out of the house when I just couldnt deal with my parents. She helped me pack up for college and just silently hugged me as I looked through misty eyes back at 18 years of memories I was going to leave behind. As I get older, friendship grows and means so much more. As of right now, my idea of a good friend is still the person who gives me the better of two choices and most of all, lets me know that I am always loved.

A Bronx Tale: Sociological Perspective

A Bronx Tale is set in the 1960 in Bronx, New York (DeNiro, 1993). This movie centers on the child of a unexpressed working man, Lorenzo Anello. Lorenzo Anello has avoided the life of crime by working had and holding firm to his beliefs of good and bad. However, his son Calogero Anello (C) becomes involved with the neighbor hood gangster Sonny. Against the wishes of his get down Cs relationship with Sonny continues until the death of Sonny. at that place are three sociological theories of crime that can explain Cs continued friendship and harvest-feast in this life of crime differential association, labeling, and strain.Cs career as a criminal begins with simple errands for Sony. As a child who did not screw any better, C felt that making money would help his low class family. Here, the story begins by introducing the theory of strain. When an individual is under strain, in this compositors case financial, that individual may be tempted to commit a crime (Blackburn, 1998). This theory applies to this situation because the crime continued to occur after Cs arrest told him what he was doing was illegal. As C continues to work for Sonny it becomes clear that Cs feelings of strain lessen. This is depicted in two scenes.The first C is cosmos punished by his father for continuing to work of Sonny. In this scene C seems to simply be putting up with the punishment that no all-night has any effect. The other scene C shows up at his house to show off his new cloths to his mother. He is wearing an expensive suit with deck out shoes. At this point other theories of wrong-doing begin to emerge as explanations of the continued behavior.Differential association is the theory that criminal behavior is learned by the interactions of a particular subculture of group (Blackburn, 1998). C is introduced to all the players of this neighborhood gang and at the same time come apartn attention and praise for essentially being a good criminal. At this point C has stopped atte nding school and he spends his days with the other men. One scene shows the other gangsters and C in a basement playing cards and cut.The men loudly praise C. Later in the scene C is given the opportunity to play dice and as he wins, the men who bet on him win and the praise continues. This is a much different response then what he gets at home. Additionally, he has recruited some of his friend to help him with his work. C and his friends mimic the men by committing crime and hanging out on the street during the day.The final theory of criminality depicted in this film is labeling. While Blackburn (1998) suggests that labeling is meant to deter the criminal behavior, this film portrays the opposite. This is seen when C come out of court. After being caught selling cigarettes, C must face a judge and is later dismissed of all charges.Upon leaving the courtroom C is greeted by a number of gangsters. Since he did not give the judge any names, he is applauded and given money. He, alth ough he may have the label of being a gangster, he has achieved a higher status with these men. This acts to displace the criminal behavior.It is clear that there are a number of theories throughout this film. The main theory, however, is differential association. There is a running theme of commitment and closeness. There seems to be nothing these men would not do for each other. Their belief system is one that they are above the law, and in turn they make up their own rules. By normal conventions of society this leads to criminal behavior. For C, like any child, he needed to be accepted and loved.This was something that he did not outwardly get wind from his father. Prevention or intervention efforts could have been in the form of family counseling. It is possible if shown more love and acceptance from his father, C may not have dour the Sonny and his gang.As a society in general emphasizing nurturing parenting skills will go a long way to preventing negative behaviors in child ren. looking at at the relationship between Sonny and C one can clearly see that Sonny gave C this and in turn C was affiliated to Sonny. This same phenomenon can occur for the good. If Cs father would have given C what Sonny had, C may have followed in his fathers footstep and became a hardworking, tax paying citizen.ReferencesBlackburn, R. (1998). The psychology of criminal conduct Theory, research, and practice. New York John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.DeNiro, R. (producer). 1993. A Bronx Tale.

Management History Essay

Managers can look at past managerial methods in order to make decisions that willing best suit themselves and back up their organisations, as headspring as giving their organisation a competitive advantage (Boddy D. , 2005). In this essay I will be arguing against the proposition that knowledge of charge history is irrelevant to raw practice. To show that management history is important for modern managers, I am going to discuss and focus on a number of historical management techniques and theories and how they can be useful. I will talk about how these management techniques and theories argon relevant with modern management. The first access I will look at is the spotless approach. Too elaborate on this scheme I will split it in to two aras the scientific management theory and the administrative principals. Firstly I will discuss the scientific approach where I will talk about Frederick Winslow Taylor and his theory on the importance of workers being trained and the importan ce of the selection process (Bartol & Martin, 1994).The next branch is the administrative approach involving theorist Henri Fayol and how his theories devote been well respected and compose a big part of modern management today. To finish off my argument I will be talking about the behavioural typeface of management by relating to Abraham Maslows pecking order of needs. Through looking into these methods I hope to reach out the reader a good belowstanding as to why I believe historical management has had a big impact on modern management today and will continue to do so in the future. The first discussion will be found around the true approach, an approach to management that is mindn as a demeanor of managers making decisions based around economic concern. There are three main areas within the classical approach, these being scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organisation.However, throughout my argument I will be focusing only on two of these approaches, thus being the scientific approach and the administrative principals. The two main theorists who are heavily knobbed in these consist of Frederick Winslow Taylor, whom was the founder of scientific management and Henri Fayol whom has had a big influence on the administrative principals. I will also have-to doe with Mary Parker Follet whom has also had a big impact on the administrative principals. (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, & Chau, 2011). I have chosen to focus only on these two areas of classical management as they are well related to my argument that historical management is relevant to modern management. Thefirst approach I will be discussing is the classical approach, where we will first be talking about scientific management. The man behind the scientific management theory is known as Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylors main contributions to management thought and practice have come through his idea of the scientific management theory and approa ch.In 1911, Frederick Winslow Taylor published his work, the principles of scientific management. These principles set forth how applying the scientific method to the management of workers could greatly improve productiveness through the analysis and synthesis of workflows. It is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows, improving work productivity (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, & Chau, 2011). To back my argument that management history is important for modern managers we see Henry Ford come into the picture. The ideas of Taylor were continued through well-known car shaper Henry Ford who went on to replace his workers with machinery, generally when it came to doing things such as heavy lifting (Daft, 2005).scientific management has four guiding action principles, these being to get up a science for every job that includes rules of motion, standardize work processes and appropriate workings conditions. Also to carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job, to carefully train them and give them proper incentives to cooperate with the job science (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, & Chau, 2011). Frank Gilbreth whom worked as a bricklayer put Taylors ideas into place and created a method that allowed the number of movements to lay a brick let down from 18 to 2 therefore going on to increase the rate from 120-350 bricks (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2006). Taylors work is still being used in modern day and his concepts are well thought of, his ideas are clearly seen at the roots of management today. Scientific management has proven to be a very beneficial track for companies to develop and improve their approach towards business (Helms & Cengage, 2006).The next part of the classical approach I will be talking about is the administrative principals. The administrative principals approach to management came about from a man named Henri Fayol. Most management textbooks published today acknowledge Fayol to be t he father of the administrative theory (Daft, 2005). Fayol was a French mining engineer, whom gradually worked his way up the ranks until he was manager of up to 10000 employees for over 30 years. The administrative principlesinvolved issues such as departmentalization, span of control, exceptions to routine, and hierarchy. An example of the administrative principals being used in modern management can be seen through major close food franchise McDonalds. The efficient production of their luxuriant food is crucial towards customer satisfaction and organisation success therefore Fayols principles come in use for this systematic type of organisational structure.Here we see another part of historical management being used in a very favored franchise within the modern era. Mary Parker Follet was also a contributor to administrative principles. Follet believed that growth and success would come from the direct interaction between members of the organisational groups achieving univers al goals and objectives. She also displayed a general understanding of groups and showed commitment to human co-operation, creating ideas that are still relevant today (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, & Chau, 2011). The next part of my argument belongs to that of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Abraham Maslow has identified 5 important needs that individuals should aim to require in order to positively influence their contribution within the workplace. Maslows theory is lots represented as a pyramid, with the larger, lower levels representing the essential needs, and the upper levels representing the need for self-actualization.The first need starts from the bottom of the table, this being psychological. Psychological needs are our basal needs, needs such as food and water. Safety needs are next, expressing an emphasis on the need for security and protection. Self-belongingness is the next need and falls under the category of social needs and feeling as though you are a p art of something, a community, or group of some type. This is then followed by self-esteem needs which will mean you are given respect and recognition for your work, leaves the employee with a sense of competency. The last need of all and the highest need in Maslows theory is self-actualisation. This need looks at employees achieving self-fulfilments and goals, on the completion of certain tasks employees allow themselves to grow in confidence by using their abilities to their full period (Davidson, Griffin, Simon, & Woods, 2009).Maslow believes that the only reason that people would not move well in direction of self-actualization is because of hindrances placed in their way. These days we are beginning to see Maslows theory in many businesses as a way of motivating employees. Managers are using Maslowstheory within the work place to financial aid give their employees motivation and something to work towards and achieve, it is a tool managers use to help point employees in the ri ght direction (Davidson, Griffin, Simon, & Woods, 2009). A prime example of this is volunteers working for non for profit organisations. With the fact that there is no money involved in volunteer works it is important for these volunteers to have the Maslows theory approach incorporated into their business setting as well as a part of their work ethic. This is vital in order to feel as though they are reaping rewards from the hard work they are putting in, as in volunteer work, money is non-existent.Managers also now tend to change and mix up the way they are motivating employees by giving different rewards and motivation stimuli in order to encumber volunteers and employees happy to stay with the organisation (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2006). As I have stated, it is clear too see that the two types of classical approaches discussed both have an impact on modern management. With Frederick Winslow Taylor and his theory of scientific management we can see that an important aspect is to obtai n maximum wealth for both the employee and the employer. The example of Frank Gilbreth and his techniques used with bricklaying help us understand that positive outcomes come from Taylors theory and we are able too see that his theory has not gone un noticed and is infact a part of modern management. The same goes with the next part to classical management, this being the administrative principals. We again see administrative principles being applied to modern management.Our example based around this theory being major fast food franchise McDonalds. The efficient production of their fast food is crucial towards customer satisfaction and organisation success. McDonalds is one of the largest franchises in the world today and will continue to be for years to come, and it is worthy proof showing the administrative principals involvement within such a successful franchise within modern management. The last theory I discussed was that thought by Abraham Maslow and his hierarchy of needs. This theory is a vital part of ones mind and can help achieve a certain degree of self-belief within an employee as well as a manager or employer. It is a useful tool for managers to keep employees motivated and feel as though they are achieving. Throughout this essay I believe I have been able to support my argument as to why I believe that historical management is relevant to modern management.ReferencesBartol, K. M., & Martin, D. C. (1994). Management. Michigan McGraw-Hill series in management.Blake, A, M. (2010) One hundred years after The principles of Scientific Management. One Hundred Years after The Principles of Scientific Management, 1-9Boddy, D. (2005). Management an introduction 3rd edition. Harlow Pearson Education Ltd.Daft, R, S. (2005). Management second pacific rim edition. Florida Dryden press.Davidson, P., Griffin, R. W., Simon, A., & Woods, P. (2009). Management quaternate Australasian Edition. Milton John Wiley & Sons Australia.Hatch, M. J., & Cunliffe, A. L. (2 006). Organization Theory. New York Oxford University Press Inc.Helms, M. M., & Cengage, G. (2006). Chain of Command Principle Retrieved 22 August, 2011, from http//www.enotes.com/management-encyclopedia/chain-command-principleSchermerhorn, J. R., Davidson, P., Poole, D., Simon, A., Woods, P., & Chau, S. L. (2011). Management (4th Asia-Pacific ed.). Milton, Queensland John Wiley and Sons.

Human Beings are More Alike than Different

Human beings ar more alike than different. This is a statement that may be argued by many people. Personally I agree with this statement because even thought, all of us are unique individuals, but the purpose of our existence is the same.Humans are greedy, greed is a feeling where we want more than what most people provoke in the world. People are this way because of society and the world in general. People all want money, we cannot do much unless we have money.People choose to be greedy and keep money because they feel as if they earn it they have to keep it. Some people fake their divorce to get money from the government and even fake their income so they can get free medical care, food stamps.Humans are selfish, if there is one thing that we love the most in this world would be ourselves. We are no different from each other, we convey selfish without seeing or knowing it because we always want to believe were right at all costs. After we are born, we cry for our needs to be kno wn, we cry to have attention.Slowly we learned to live with others and accommodate others but at times of crisis, our instincts tell us to save ourselves first. We judge and gossip others, even building block societies or whole other countries, on too little information or on media reports.Humans all want freedom, we all want freedom because everything we do has to do with freedom. Nothing could be done right without freedom, without freedom, we would be forced do to do things we do not want to do, and no way to motley it at all. Consequently it is indeed that human beings are more alike than different.

Being a Musician

Music is the rhythm that keeps the world spinning. What is it about medicinal drug that makes it so revereable to listen to? Is it the message that we gain from the lyrics or is just the background puzzle? Music, with all its intricacies, can be seen as living entity that has the ability to rest Inside our soul and work emotions such as excitement and awe. Music succors create a bond and connect people all around the world whether they speak different languages or practice different religions.Music has always been an integral lineament of my life. I listen and partake in music almost every day and when I listen to a great piece of music, I can non help but feel great joy and feel as though I am one with the song. It is as if my body goes into an alternate universe where Instruments stir the ability to talk and they are telling me their story. Over the years, I project learned through my experiences that music not only helps me learn, but to also grow. From an primaeval age, I grew up listening to Classical Indian music. My mom would sing traditional songs to me and would listen eagerly absorbing the song in its entirety.However, I did not know that I was developing my singing ability at the same time. Then, the unimaginable happened. I started to sing. This however, is an understatement as I seemed to of sang well according to my elders and peers. I had this experience at the young age of 10 which Is when I discovered I had the talent to sing Classical Indian music. From then on, I was restore on honing my musical skills and was determined to push it to things beyond singing. From then on, I would try singing whenever I was given a chance. I would sing in the shower, in the car, and even when my parents went to bed.Even though I liked to inning, I did not like to do it publicly in front of people. Now as I look back, it was probably because I was not very confident In my abilities so I was afraid of making a fool of myself. Not want after, my parents started to notice my knack for music and I was forced to share my talent. However, I am eternally grateful that they made me sing in public at our temple because that led to a Classical Music teacher approaching my parents and she asked them if I would like to learn from her. This was Just the beginning of my journey in music. As I continued to sing, I became more and more fascinated with piano. Ked my parents if I could start taking lessons and they readily agreed. As I went to the piano teacher, she said I had a natural ability to read music and that my fingers were Incredibly quick for an eleven year old. I continue to piano to this day and thoroughly enjoy it. Piano however, was not the only instrument that I learned to play. In sixth grade, I joined band and picked the trumpet as my instrument of choice. I loved playing it the first moment the trumpet touched my lips. Band has been a part of my life ever since sixth grade and I have been playing the trumpet for the better part of 5 years. Simmered by the notes. Music is the only thing that has the power to fully captivate someone in this manner. Personally, music gave me the opportunity to go from the world of real-life problems to a world of tranquility and from the life of an academically overachieving student to that of a musical vocalist.

Future of Singapore Public Housing Loan

AbstractThe capital of Singapore presidential term together with the housing finance engage the frequent housing as one of the mingled achievements they reach accomplished. Public housing accommodates more(prenominal) than 80% of the residents in Singapore. A majority of the residents, close to 90%, is headinged as Housing Development flats (HDB). In an effort to improve the period housing state in Singapore, the housing finance and the government has introduced various schemes and substitute schemes alike. The schemes have encouraged the resident into becoming homeowners in addition to ensuring that they did not default their owe payment. The Housing and Development Board (HDB) is creditworthy for the dealings and steering of the public housing program in Singapore. The local town council oversees the daily management activities. They also ensure planning and development of the public housing in addition to selling and resale of the houses as well as offering financial mortgage.Introduction Singapore Public Housing finance loanword borrowing has dropped four folds in the recent twelvemonth. Owing to a myriad of factors, the number of loan applicants for the public housing allocation has significantly reduced as compared to the metrical composition associated with the previous application. The government estimates that the number may rise in next coming years if merchandise curbs are softened, such as loan repayment schemes on cheer accounts and application. A coming(prenominal) projection of the public housing finance loan by-line indicates a downward trend in the near future owing to the stiff competition put in place by backstage property owners (Ong, 2010). It is imperative, therefore, to reduce the public housing loan station in order to attract smart property owners while increasing the resale of the previously owned property.Currently, the resale price of previously owned units on the public housing has dropped by 1.3%. The govern ment has not taken any measures to ensure that this market situation is controlled, exclusively is examining the matter in order to employ proper strategy to en open Singapore citizens to own homes. In case the current prices of property remain stagnant at 57%, it is estimated that the public housing loan rate go out rise. The number of public housing owners is estimated to gradually increase in case the current rate does not drop in the near future (Ong, 2010). The Housing and Development Board (HDB) is responsible for the dealings and management of the public housing program in Singapore. The local town council oversees the daily management activities. They also ensure planning and development of the public housing in addition to selling and resale of the houses as well as offering financial mortgage. The paper discusses an examination of the privatization of HDB and reasons behind it, with projection to loan in the coming years and how one can become a public house owner in Sin gapore. Privatization of HDB Loan to Consumer BankThe main aim of the privatisation of Housing and Development Board mortgage loan to consumer banks in Singapore was to curb the price competition through inculcation thereby increasing the performance of the banking celestial sphere within the economy. The mortgage yield was not sufficient to meet the standards set by HDB, thus the privatisation of the HDB mortgage became imperative (Adams, 2014). Moreover, the private sectors better performance and management of the economy was an added reason for the privatization as compared to the public sectors ability in managing and performance. With the privation of the HDB loans to consumer banks, the annual interest rate returns have since increased and projections show that they will continue to increase in the coming year. This therefore eliminates the high rate hurdle previously presented by HDB through the elimination and minimization of the government regulation on the HDB housing pro jects. (Li, 2014).Financier of Mortgage loan Interest ratesHome vendee with potential can choose to obtain a home with either a HBO loan or Bank loan. The payment scheme chosen will determine the selection of the mortgage partner from which the mortgage loan will be received. Homeowners are able to apply for mortgage loans through HBO and Consumer banks. The above options for loan run are in place in order to enable potential buyers to decide which best fits their financial capability.In addition, HDB plays the role of a financier to flat owners by giving mortgage loans. This has enabled Singapore residents to acquire public houses easily and faster with the friend of HDB mortgage loan. From a financiers point of view, a homebuyer applying for a mortgage loan is involve to have met their credit assessment and this is assessed with their current system of standard mortgage application. For an eligible flat buyer to have access to a concessionary loan, they must have an HDB Eligib ility Letter (HLE) confirming that they are capable of making repayments. This is important because it accesses ones potential ability to pay back his loan with constraining their personalised budget. Before anyone can purchase a flat, they must have a letter of eligibility of HDB. HBO concessionary loan interest is 2.6% which is only 0.1% higher than the Central Provident Fund (CPF). It seems important tor e-examine the interest rate of HBO quarterly in comparison to CPF interest rate to ensure that it stays roughly the same level. This type of system design helps to provide an easier scheme for the mortgagor to service their loan payment, and ensure they constantly pay without defaults. This interest rate of the HBO loan has been in existence for over 15 years (Ong, 2010).Contrary to this, banks interest rate is shortly 1%. The interest is dynamic and not constant because it is determined by a number of separate factors which affects the operation of the bank such as its busine ss strategy, the prevailing market situation and commercial decisions. It is determined jointly by all the financial institution in Singapore. This system make it unreliable because it is not constant, it keeps fluctuating based on the above mentioned factors. Even though HBO mortgage offer low nitty-gritty of loans, HBO mortgage scheme remain the most suitable financier to mortgage loan. Unfortunately, and since the privatisation of HBO, all those who wish to finance their resale and acquisition of HBO public housing will have to apply loans to various banks licensed by the pecuniary fund to give mortgage loans to public housing acquisition and resale.ImmigrationThere are get aheads to creation a citizen in Singapore. Singapore is one of the major cities in Asia in terms of wealth and culture. To buy and rent an HBD flat, one has to be 21 years or older and a citizen to Singapore. An another(prenominal) benefit that the citizens of Singapore are entitled to is obtain loans at con cessionary interest rate with HBO to help them in obtaining the flats. In addition to this, they are also offers for citizens who obtain public houses for the first time such as subsidies, for case grants offered by the government as a cushion to aid those buying public houses. Citizens also have intercourse lower rates for houses repairs (Adams, 2014).ConclusionIn conclusion, the number of public house owners in Singapore is terminal point to increase in the near future with increase in mortgage. The performance of HDBs hurdle interest is expected to increase on an annual basis with the privatisation to consumer banks to aid in the mortgage loan financing. This has facilitated the exercise of solving the housing problem in Singapore owing to the fact that the government has provided a more reliable and efficient option to help people buy property. Although the current market is not promising, the government is working hard to curb the situation and enable more Singapore in the coming year to own public house. This will enable them to deal with the housing problems and concentrate in development of other sectors of the economy thereby increase their national income and dominate in the leading economy (Li, 2014).BibliographyAdams, J. (2014, October 10). Bleeding the banks. Retrieved October 31, 2014.Li Sen, S. (2014, October 3). Spike in bad home loans swells Singapore banks NPLs. Retrieved October 31, 2014.Ong, S. (2010). Housing affordability and upward mobility from public to private housing in Singapore. Singapore S.E. Ong.

Distracted Driving Essay

Distracted operate is a selfish and very dangerous way to drive. Over 3,000 people each year be killed due to either movement force deflect or universe hit by someone who is distracted. thither are m any types of distracted driving and altogether are equ each(prenominal)y as dangerous. Examples of distracted driving include texting, eating, talking to a passenger, ad nearing a radio or iPod, and anything involving your mobilise or a gps. any kind of distracted driving is a bad idea and send packing end in heavy injuries or fatalities. Distracted driving has numerous definitions. Whether it be eating, drowsy driving, using your phone, talking to a friend, or being distracted by something on the side of the thoroughfare, they are all very dangerous and post end with someone using their emotional state. Many people believe that they may be a thoroughly driver point when being distracted by other things solely it is usually not the case. redden if you piddle away with driving distracted, it wont alship canal be that way, and you neer know when your luck ordain run out.As good as you may be at multitasking while driving it is never a good idea. If the thing is that authorised you should pull to the side of the road or wait until you get to your destination to do what you need to do. Texting and driving is one of the highest ca implements of crashes and fatalities. One of the groups that is most at risk is teens 16-20. This get on with group is not only new and inexperienced drivers but they are also very distracted by cell phones and music. When you are texting and driving the minimal amount of time that your help is taken by your phone is 5 seconds. This not only puts you in danger but it also puts others on the road in a lot of danger as well. As important as receiving or move a text may be, it can wait long enough to keep your life, and others, safe.If it is too beguiling for you to use your phone or iPod while you are driving there are many ways you can combat this urge. All you need to do is throw your phone in the backseat or in the glove compartment and your urge is gone. You can also put your phone on silent or childs play it off if the vibration or sounds of receiving texts distracts you. Any of these quick alternatives is a commodious idea to save your life as well as others on the road with you. public lecture to a passenger or on your phone is a dangerous distraction as well.If you are on your phone, you may think that your attention is on the road but your attention is drawn away and focused on your call. Even if you use a hands-free device you still have a large amount of your attention drawn away. Talking to apassenger in your car can be more dangerous because they are adapted to distract you and interact with you more. This can be helpful if they are alerting you of obstacles but if they are being distractive it can be a large distraction. If they are posing a bigger distraction than a help then yo u should let them know that you are distracting you from the road. Although it may offend or anger them, it can pay off in the long run.Another minor way of being of distracted is things in your eyesight. Someone running alongside the road, something happening ahead of you or to the side, and anything that will take your attention is a distraction. Things like this can seem minor but they can impair your attention. Although you dont require to tune these things out of your attention, because they can cause accidents, you need to not only be aware of these things but not let them distract you to a point where you cant notice what is going on close to you. There are 3 main types of distracted driving cognitive, visual and manual(a). Cognitive distractions are when you wit isnt focused on driving. These can include talking to someone in your car and just daydreaming. Even listening to music can take your mind off driving and distract you.This may seem like a minor distraction but i t can be very large. A visual distraction is anything that involves the driver taking his or her eyes off the road. This is common in all age groups adults will check their kids seatbelts and almost everyone will use a GPS, iPod, phone or dvd player. All of these things that involve you taking your eyes off the road are considered a visual distraction. The last type of distraction is manual. A manual distraction is when you take one or both hands off the wheel for any reason at anytime while driving. A manual distraction can include eating or drinking, adjusting a GPS or iPod, reaching for something, or even adjusting your seat. One of the reasons that texting ids one of the most dangerous thing you can do while driving is because it involves all 3 types of distracted driving.There are many ways that you can avoid using any of these types of distracted driving. The first way to avoid these three is to turn off your phone, even if you are expecting an important call. Another tip is t o get a hands-free device if you really need to. This is not a with child(p) idea to use because it is just as dangerous as using the phone itself. Also, if you are driving with kids and/or pets make sure theyare strapped in and secured so that they dont pose a distraction while they are driving. If you need to eat or drink, finish it before you start driving, or wait until after. The last is, if you use a gps, program it before you start driving. All of these reasons are great examples to stop driving distracted. Driving while distracted is elfish and cost you, and others their lives. Its a unsubdivided choice, just wait to start or finish your task.http//www.distraction.gov/content/get-the-facts/facts-and-statistics.html http//www.textinganddrivingsafety.com/texting-and-driving-stats/ http//www.esurance.com/safety/3-types-of-distracted-driving

Misdoubt Chamber of Commerce Essay

IntroductionMisdoubt chamber of Commerce (MSCC) is a non-profit organization created out of the compulsion for legislature that directly addressed transportation access, an slue that was affecting the business and economic development. As time progressed and the business grew, the executive board acknowledged the need to migrate to schooling processing governing body technology to use information at their disposal efficiently. The goal of this case guide is to analyze and list the changes that occurred as a result of MSCC acquiring radical trunks for handling business operations. mountAfter a thorough analysis MSCCs com contriveer arrangements were put in to be lacking neat integration and certification, had very little maintenance and support and were not Y2K compatible at the time of the evaluation. To t fitted service grow revenue at a rapid rate and to reduce staff and programs Leon Lassiter was hired in December 2000. Lassiter brought 12 years of marketing and sal es management experience working with American Brands. He believed that working with MSCC would have afforded him the opportunity to make a bigger difference than he would have been able to make with his former employers. His vision, along with the juvenilely hired computer programmer Simon Kovecki, was to incorporate a computer system that enabled the organization to run its principal functions more efficiently. Len Lassiter was a strong advocate for the organization purchase a new system c in alled UNITRAK. Although this may have been a smart business decision, employees were disillusioned as they entangle that they should have been consulted when decisions of that magnitude needed to be make. Simon Kovecki, who never received the promotion that he felt was merited, also voiced his concerns about the fact that access to data was too easily accessible. Eventually, Lassiters consequence of the new UNITRAK System was persuasive and powerful enough to convince the MSCC to purchase the system.The purchase of the new system, which in itself was fraught with delays, brought on some new challenges. The implementation of the project was latewith staff and users raising concerns. However, it was deployed and Lassiter was stern that two days of training was required by all employees to understand this new system. Initial reactions were that this system was not as user-friendly or efficient however Lassiter allayed these concerns stating that the system as a new one and as such would require employees spend some time arse aboutting comfortable and well-known(prenominal) with this system. One of the requirements of the UNITRAK is that older data had to be altered and or converted to a new system for effective application. This process was not without its problems as there were errors converting data, data was corrupted, and backups accidentally erasing crucial data. Jeff Hedges, in commit of computer operations, rarely followed up on system purchases and uses as he was preoccupied with other facets of the organization. each(prenominal) these problems led to an uncertainty as to whether the organization would have been able to face the upcoming Y2K changes.DiscussionWith all the changes that MSCC was facing, the need to list problems and solutions was domineering as we can see hereLack of required skills of the computer department personnel oProblem Simon Kovechi had very little experience was disappointed with the fact that he did not get the promotion that he felt he deserved. He was also unable to acclimate to the new system in a punctual manner due to his lack of IT experience. oSolution Experienced personnel are intrinsic to any system changes within an organization.Appropriate delegation of workProblem Jeff Hedges was unable to give the new system the attention that it warranted as he also had other responsibilities. In the case of Leon Lassiter, he was put in charge of computer operations although he was not the employee responsib le heading computer operations. oSolution military unit with IT knowledge should head the computer operations department and in a situation where the company is transitioning, should be their primary focus.Supporting applications and softwareProblem UNITRAK was unable to provide adequate data conversion support. oSolution It is imperative that when an organization is the moving to a new computer system they select one that provides adequate real support. compatibilityConsistency of dataProblem Separate databases run on one system.Solution Integrated database should be utilized to allow for more efficient data entry.Lost dataProblem Old information lost in previous backups due to lack of proper implementation. oSolution Proper documentation of software so that backups are not corrupted. Y2K compatibilityProblem System incompatible with Y2kSolution Systems should be updated in a timely manner so that compatibility is not an issue.Based on these problem and solution sets MSCC should implement the following procure that IT department has employees with the necessary skillsets for data conversionThe board and management of the organization should be actively heterogeneous in the implementation of any new systemsRequest adequate support from UNITRAK along with proper documentation for the new system.Ensure the organization has an efficient backup system in placeAn outside adviser should be hired to help make the system Y2K compatible in a timely manner. Reviewed and made more concise.ConclusionMSCC relies heavily on data that is accumulated within their computer systems. In this instance, they were found to be negligent in protecting and securing their most important assets thus almost claiming bankruptcy in the process. MSCC should have had a strategic plan for implementation of a new system to achieve a seamless transition with very little loss to the business.

Analysing Strategic Issues in Geely Automobile †Industry Structures and Dynamics Essay

Geely locomote Holdings Ltd. , formerly known as Guorun Holdings Ltd. , embarked on a major restructuring in 2003. By establishing two joint-venture associated companies in Ningbo and Shanghai with Zhejiang Geely Holding Group Ltd. , a major privately-owned auto producer in China, the come with had successfully entered into Chinas booming sedan industry.In the same year, the company set up an auto parts subsidiary in Taizhou of the Zhejiang province, further consolidating the foundation of the companys investments in Chinas move industry, thus successfully transforming the companys key businesses into automobile manufacturing and the related areas. In May 2004, the companys two associated companies agreed to acquire other auto-related assets under(a) Zhejiang Geely Holding.After the acquisitions, the automobile research and development organizations under Zhejiang Geely Holding, all operating production plants, car models, and respective(prenominal) engines and gearboxes being l aunched or to be launched would have been included in the two associates formed by the company. This restructuring should modify the company to share the same interests and benefits with Zhejiang Geely Holding in their future developments in auto-related businesses.Analysing strategic issues in Geely Automobile Industry structures and dynamics (5 forces) Michael E. Porters five-forces model assess the nature of competition in an industry, it looks at the strength of five distinct competitive forces, which include the Degree of Rivalry, The Threat of Entry, The Threat of Substitutes, Buyer forefinger and the Supplier Power.When these forces are being taken together, they determine long-term profitability and competition. Porters cultivate has had a greater influence on business strategy than any other theory in the last half of the twentieth century. (Porter,1998) Out of them, the rivalry between existing sellers in the market, the potential bane of new sellers and substitute pr oducts entering and becoming available in the market are chosen to serve a greater discuss on.

Statistical Analysis of Colored Stones by Using Random Sampling

Statistical Analysis of color in Stones by using Random Sampling Naomi Malary Lab Report 1 Ecology Lab 312 L-1 October 12, 2009 admittance Random Sampling, a method often used by ecologist involves an unp chromaticictable component. In this method, all members of the race have an equal chance of being selected as part of the sample. The results involving random sampling can be categorized as descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (Montague 2009). Descriptive statistics includes simplified calculations of a given sample and tell this information into charts and graphs that are easy to contrast.Trying to r individually conclusions that extend beyond the immediate data wholly describes inferential statistics. To document the results of sampling, qualitative and quantitative data is used. Quantitative data lack is measured and set on a numerical scale, whereas Qualitative data approximates data but does not measure characteristics, properties and etc. The purpose of thi s experiment was to use statistical analysis to evaluate random sampling of one-sided gemstones (Montague 2009). art object conducting this experiment, we came up with a few null hypotheses.The first null hypothesis is that all the stones that have the self aforementioned(prenominal)(prenominal) color weigh the same. The second null hypothesis is that there are more begrimed stones than red or yellow stones. Therefore the Blue stones will be picked the mosr. Our final null hypothesis is that the stones of the same color have the same length and that they will not vary in size. Method Our team was given a box of one hundred and two red, blue, and yellow stones. Team members A and B took turns choosing stones via random sampling, team member E recorded the color of the chosen stone.Team member C measured the weight of the stone with a scale, and team member D measured the length of the stone using a vernier capiler. Team members A and B placed the stones back into the box, mixed it, and we and so repeated the procedure. Three sample sets were interpreted . The first set I were the first 5 samples taken (n=5), set II consist of n=10, and set trine consist of n=30. Results There appeared to be a small difference between stone color and their average weight (Table1. and figures 1-3).Upon observation, you will expect that the yellow stones were larger than the blue stones, and the blue stones were larger then the red stones (Table2. and figure 2-3). It can in any case be noted that the only sample set to have red stones selected was in set III (Figure 3). additionally, figure7 shows that blue stones were picked in greater proportion than the yellow and red stones. Discussion I hypothesized that all stones that fortune the same color weighs the same. According to table 2, all the stones of the same color do not function the same weight.Though the average seemed relatively the same, there still was a difference in the weight. Therefore, I must reject my null hypothesis on account of this information. The second null hypothesis verbalize that there are more blue stones than yellow or red stones, therefore more blue stones will be picked than any other stone. According to figure 7, the blue stones accounted for 44%, the yellow stones 38%, and the red stones 18%. Therefore I will not be rejecting my hypothesis on the floor that there were more blue stones present than any other color.The final null hypothesis give tongue to that the stones of the same color have the same length. Table 2 and figures 5-7, accounted for the fact that the yellow stones were usually the longish and the red stones the shortest. Based on this information, I will not be rejecting this null hypothesis. Figure 1 graphical record shows the average weight of distributively colored stone for set=5 Figure 2 Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set n=10 Figure3 Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set n=30 draw march drawfram e drawframe Figure 4 Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set=5 Figure 5 Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set n=10 Graph6 Graph shows the average weight of each colored stone for set n=30 drawframe Figure 7 Pie chart shows the totality proportion of the stones Reference Montegue, J. M. 2009. BIO 312L Ecology Lab Exercise 01 2009. Slides 10,11 Wikipedia, Random Sampling. www. wikipedia. com/random_sample

Wal-Mart Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Wal-Mart Case - Essay faceChina benefits heavily from this since almost all consumer goods sold at Wal-Mart stores are made in China. This increases occupation in China. However, government deregulation of the retail industry has led to increased retail giants that charge begin prices just like Wal-Mart. This implies that its speak to leadership assertion is neutralized.China is a booming economy with a high potential courtesy of its high population. Wal-Mart can utilize the advantages by easing its struggle for cost leadership and adopt a more diverse mechanism of boosting its market. This can be done by cultivating good will from the community in which it operates by fair remuneration of workers and better working conditions in stores and also by its suppliers. This would boost its image thus increasing sales.Wal-Mart uses a number of strategies to maintain utter prices. First, Wal-Mart contracts suppliers from China who provides relatively cheap products. Second, the retail g iant employs some staff on part hook basis to reduce costs of operations. Third, most stores in the US are located installer towns to boost its

Gambling and crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gambling and crime - Essay ExampleThe gambling indus get a line entices people to try gambling in ball club to get them hooked and become addicted and the industry knows full rise the consequences of an addiction.A former lawyer of John Ascuagas Nugget embezzled $3 million for his gambling habit and in another case, the accountant of a doctors clinic stole some $2.3 million from her employer to feed her habit of buying drawing off tickets, as much $6,000 per day. She had pleaded guilty and was charged with a second-degree grand larceny. As it becomes an addiction, some decent, reasonable, respectable and logical people ar really tempted to steal money and also commit other far more than serious crimes like murder for their gambling addictions.Gambling involves taking the odds or probability of a certain outcome to be occurring. Gambling can take many forms such as clam racing, card games, table games, slot machines, dog racing, sports betting (boxing, basketball, soccer, etc.) and even on the Internet. Some forms of gambling be considered tame or mild in nature such as sweepstakes, lotteries and bingo games because the bet amounts are not rattling large although prizes can get very big. There are warning signs of a gambling addiction and people should be made aware of them.Planning a future act is a healthy attitude. This is the same principle involved when businessmen and investors go into business in order to earn money. This speculative attitude generates investments and jobs such as in the form of insurance contracts (fire, auto, marine, flood, etc.), life annuities and the new-fangled and very complex forms of contracts like financial derivatives and stock options. The futures market in agricultural commodities is a very good example of gambling based on speculation but minimizing the risks involved.However, this paper will search and discuss the troubling issues associated with types of gambling in the strict sense of the word. This paper look s at the problems generated by the masterless urge

Managed healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Managed healthcare - subsidization ExampleWhen the claim is found to be valid, then the payment is made and the negotiation is finalized making it a very effective process.Consumerism refers to the promotion of the interests of the consumers. Giving the providers access to more(prenominal) patient information promotes consumerism. When all activities in the managed care organization are focused on promoting consumer satisfaction, then it is likely that there will be the development of the network. This is because when the consumers-in this case the patients are assured of high quality services, then they will be more willing to be cared for by the particular organization that seems to promote consumerism. They will come up with prophetic models in order to identify what the purchasers prefer. The managed care organization will also be focused on looking into the data and information that they have and planning any future actions based on the facts in the data. These plans will inv olve upgrades as a result of the attempt to promote consumerism (Robinson

Accounting for the Substance of Transactions Essay

Accounting for the Substance of minutes - Essay ExampleThough giving an account of the stinting summary of the activities of the formation is a aboveboard job, generally, an effort is made to give better perception of the organization to be presentable to the Shareholders and other stakeholders by inflating the earnings or assets or deflating the liabilities or losses or manipulation of depreciation methods, stock paygrade and method of accounting development expenditure. Here, two factors influence the presentation. The legal provisions and accounting provisions. The presentation which is correct in legal angle may not be founded on sound accounting principles and may inter modify from the underlying economic reality. The managements, may, therefore, sometimes choose the best and most advantageous of these two options to present the economic warmheartedness of the transactions according to their wishes. Certain artificial transactions/combination of transactions undertaken by the organization are such that it is very difficult to assess the crystallise effect the entire exercise. The assessment of net effect of such various activities of the enterprise may be captioned as eye of a transaction. sum of money of a transaction. Assessment of the substance of the transactions is found necessary to provide reliable, fair and accurate reading about corporate performance and to ascertain the actual state of affairs of the business organization. The need is felt very seriously as the various distortions in Financial statements are on the increase, among other things, be the nature of assets and liabilities and inclusion or non-inclusion of such assets and liabilities in Books of Accounts. Such events not only distort the substance of the economic activity of the organization but also fail to project the actual problems faced by the organization, depriving the organization to initiate remedial steps to address the real problems. Accounting reforms comprisin g provisions for reporting of substance of transactions are therefore, found necessary.Statement of principles of Accounting prescribe the activities that should be reported on in fiscal statements, the various dimensions of those activities that should be prominently furnished, the features that information should have if it is to be mentioned in the financial statements. The primary(prenominal) role of the Statement of principles is to provide conceptual input into the ASBs work on the development and review of accounting standards. The Statement is not, therefore, neither an accounting standard nor does it contain any requirements on how financial statements are to be prepared. The prominent among the principles for reporting the Substance of the Transactions is definition of assets and liabilities, accounting for subsidiary undertakings, and the activities to be excluded from the business organizations financial statements and those to be included, thus setting standards for pr esentation of Financial statements. Factors like legal requirements, cost-benefit considerations, industry-specific issues, and the desirability of evolutionary change and implementation issues are also covered.Reporting the Substance of Transactions implies the addition of Application Note G Revenue Recognition. This clears the ambiguity regarding the treatment of revenue and, in particular, the treatment of turnover (as a subset of revenue). This Application Note deals with revenue science from the supply of goods or services by a seller to its customers. It sets out basic principles of revenue perception which should be applied in all cases. It also provides specific guidance for

Evaluation of Web Accessibility for the Visual Disabled Essay

Evaluation of Web Accessibility for the Visual Dis fitd - assay ExampleThis essay discusses that the human-computer interaction based evaluation technique is the most useful way for the sagaciousness of usability for the system inspection regarding system jut and working. However, the heuristic evaluation and human-computer interaction are performed as a systematic inspection of a newly developed system that is intended to offer the user a better support and easy to use interface during working. Furthermore, human-computer Interaction evaluation encompasses a small stick of usability analysis parameters that are used to weigh up the system working capabilities and user interface connect aspects (Dix et al., 1998 Marchionini & Sibert, 1991). This research and analysis based report is about the human-computer interaction based analysis for the accessibility issues for the weathervane system in case of ocular disabilities. The main intention of human-computer interaction based e valuation in this research is to find out the system related accessibility issues in the system design for extensive number having visual disabilities.Maeda (2004) stated that in last few years, huge sets of World Wide Web accessibility and usability guiding principle have been produced. Frequently these rules meet. For instance, when we view a picture in HTML, we are able to as well identify substitute text for that picture. This makes the website further supportive for all viewers for the power that a number of them cannot be able to see graphical descriptions in their web browser. In addition, the design of websites develops a profusion of usability confronts. Also, the websites are extremely multifaceted, holding hyperlinked credentials, complex direction-finding scheme, and community information areas. This report has presented a detailed analysis of a software tool by applying the Jakob Nielsens heuristics evaluation module for the people having visual disabilities. In this report, I have analyzed the ACE-Project for the usability analysis in case of system usage by disabled people. In this analysis, I have found that ACE-Project offers excellent functionalities and working capabilities for normal people until now in case of visually disabled people this web-based system does not offer help. In this scenario, I have recommended some of features and facilities for the disabled people. These additional features are helpful redesigning the system to support a large number of disabled people who desire to use this system.

Environmental economy case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental economy - occurrence Study ExampleHowever, as the modernization has changed the industries, the fig of industries has increased to a greater extent.This graph shows the aim of water contaminant in Asian countries in the year of 2014. Due to the increase in the number of industries, the quantity of waste material has also increased. However, some of the famous multinational companies right dispose rack up their waste material or they may recycle it to avoid any resource wastage. However, a queen-sized number of companies do not care about the disposal of this waste material and thus shed their share in the pollution creation of the environment.The list of affected people by this water pollution is alarming at this point of time. People who are using this pollutant water are ugly from umpteen of the skin and internal diseases. In addition to that, this polluted water is destroying the natural habitat of umpteen of the species life sentence near the marshy pla ces. The living organisms in the water and marine habitat are also suffering at a greater extent. Some of the rare species are near to extinction just because of these pollution materials. There are heavy toxic materials in the waste of industries, which contaminate and disturb the real written material of usable water and thus the living organisms experience to suffer the contamination. In this way, there are legion(predicate) adverse effects of this polluted and contaminated water.In many of the countries, Government and the State authorities have taken serious promptions to eradicate this issue of wastage of heavy industries and thus restricting the industry owner to properly dispose of the waste material. The companies can use this waste material even further to make many other things, which will be useful. In some cases, waste material can also act as a fertilizer for the crops and different plants. Though the companies have to put a budget on the waste management but at

The Glass Menagerie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Glass menagerie - Essay ExampleAmanda is caught up in the pleasant memories of her youth and the dreams of the Southern belle, hoping to find the same salmagundi of young adulthood for her own daughter and is incapable of considering that her own daughters circumstances argon vastly different from the circumstances of Amandas own youth. Laura, a shy girl with a unyielding limp as the result of childhood illness, is extremely shy and considers herself incapable of facing the outside world. She prefers to run in the world of her childhood with her music and her glass figurines despite the fact that she needs to find or so means of supporting herself in her future. All three of these characters can be seen to live primarily in an internal world of their own creation that directly conflicts with the world outside and makes it difficult for them to confront real-life issues. patronage his attempts to escape his past, Tom tells the audience at the end of the play that he followed in my fathers footsteps, attempting to find in motion what was lost in space. I traveled around a immense deal I would have stopped, but I was pursued by something (VII, 237). That something turns out to be the images, smells, sounds and otherwise reminders of the sister he left behind, proving through the very act of telling the play that memories cannot be break loose regardless of how hard or fast you run. While Tom is now a member of the merchant marine and an accomplished traveler, living out the internal dreams of his youth in a way he had never thought possible while living in his mothers apartment, this outward indicate of personal dream fulfillment is revealed as little more than an illusion of its own. In truth, Toms heart remains trapped within the small apartment he shared with his mother and sister. In Toms case, rather than helping him hide from reality, his memories serve to force reality upon him at special(a) moments throughout every day.

Central Moral Problem Connected with Advertising Literature review - 2

Central Moral Problem Connected with Advertising - literature review ExampleThe past president of US, Thomas Jefferson has said that Advertisements contain the only truth to swear on a newspaper and a noted British author H. G. Wells saw publicize as legalized lying. (Azcuenaga,1997). These two views are contradictory to each other and actually, since long back, there are unalike perceptions and views active advertisement. Moral Problems and Advertising There are many examples of unethical tactics by advertisers utilize for dissimilar business gains and let us consider one example where you reach a stock certificate through viewing an ad and as soon as you reach store you get a message that all the items have been sold out and you are offered an inferior product at the comparable price or at an increased price. So this is clearly an example of an unethical technique apply misdirection and deception (Ethics in advertising, 2001). Advertising is a big business and millions o f pounds are spent on it every month and therefore some companies try all sorts of tactics and sometimes these tactics great power be illegal or immoral (Ethics in advertising, 2001). Unfortunately, in todays world, it is becoming to a greater extent and more morally degraded. In todays advertising use of pornography, use of women models, the hype about the business and business autonomy has become more important than to lure the customers. Use of women in advertising Images of female bodies are everywhere and women and their torso parts sell everything from food to cars (Beauty and body images in the media, n.d.). now in the todays advertising new and younger, taller and thinner females are being portrayed and various women magazines are advertising various weight loss ads urging that anyone can lose twenty pounds (Beauty and body images in the media, n.d.).

Must complete a summary post at the end of the discussion reflecting Essay

Must complete a summary post at the end of the discussion reflecting on your learning - Essay ExampleFor instance, in a huge miserliness such as the UK, marketers need to properly budget for marketing research so that they can hold in the much needed randomness to design effective strategies in their operations. Various strategies can be utilize in order to obtain information from different sources. For instance, the marketers can implement the interactive strategy with the targeted audiences in order to get their views about their needs and interests with regards to ingatherings offered. In the same vein, organizations can also seek information from their suppliers to help them make informed business decisions. Marketing research can be carried out in order to obtain this kind of information.Unit 6 also covers the concepts of Product and Price. Essentially, all businesses are in general concerned with satisfying the needs of the targeted consumers in a profitable way. This mea ns that a product or service offered by the organization should be clearly defined and the price should also be eagerness in accordance with the market forces obtaining at a particular period in order to drag more buyers. Through the use of the marketing mix involving the product, price, place and promotion, the marketers are in a better(p) position to determine all the factors that can help improve the offering to the targeted customers. The strategy can be implemented in both B2C and B2B marketing. The organizations capability to define its product and to price it correctly plays a pivotal role in determining its success or failure in its operations. The early(a) important element that should be taken into consideration when determining the price of a particular product is its life cycle. Pricing mechanisms are usually determined by the life cycle of the product chiefly comprised of four stages namely introduction, growth, maturity and decline. The growth and maturity stage s often attract high prices for the product since many customers would be interested in

Evaluation of Three Different Types of Spectroscopy Lab Report

Evaluation of Three Different Types of Spectroscopy - Lab newspaper ExampleThe sample is then heated via flame, plasma or electricity this causes desolvation, liquefaction, vaporization and finally atomisation (Sagi & Rathnam, 2013).Components include a) The debile tooth root which is usually a hollow cathode lamp. Atoms of different elements seize specific wavelengths of glisten therefore in order to analyse a sample for a specific element, the light source used must correspond to the wavelength of that element. b) A compartment in which samples ar atomised via (flame, graphite furnace, MHS cell, FIAS cell, FIMS cell). c) A monochromator that disperses the light. d) A detector, which measures the light intensity and amplifies the Signal. e) A display that shows the reading.AAS has various uses such as analysis of bodily fluids like derivation and urine for heavy metal poisoning and monitoring of the environment by measuring levels of certain elements in lakes, food like fish and the air (Karabegov, 2011).Fluorescence is a photon emission process. Absorption of light by whatsoever molecules causes movement of electrons from the ground state to an excited state. This excited molecule will return to a demean energy level by dispersing part of its energy. It will then return to the ground state by emission of a photon (fluorescence). As a result of this loss of energy, stokes shift is observed. Stokes shift is when there is a difference in wavelength of the absorption and emission spectra (Ge, et al., 2010)Only molecules containing a functional group which has the ability to absorb energy of a certain wavelength and re-emit it at a different but specific wavelength (fluorophore) will register fluorescence (Ge, et al., 2010)a) The light source, an example of the first type used is the tungsten-halogen lamp and later on, mercury lamps were used. However, now xenon lamps are mainly used. b) A Monochromator used to select both the excitation and emission wa velength. c) Sample holders, the cuvette is placed in

Case study analysis of a vertebral condition for mobilisations Essay

Case study analysis of a vertebral condition for mobilisations - Essay ExampleOne likely cause of lower back incommode is sprains of the muscles at that point. A sprain is basically a pulled muscles. This can typically resolve itself in a full stop of not less than ii weeks but the same should not go over four weeks (Petty & Moore, 2001). This thence means that if the pain is to go over four weeks, then an intervention should be by dint of through and put in place. According to Petty and Moore (2001), symptoms of sprains includes minor ache but some(prenominal)times this may trine to a debilitating pain. However, Nordin & Frankel (2003) notes that it is unlikely that the pain which comes as a result of spraining a muscle volition be felt far from the location of the muscle. In essence, such a pain tends to be localized. Therefore, the intermittent side in the lumbar region to the left side of lower back may be as a result of muscle sprain. However, such a pain is not expected to disruption to the buttock as is the case.The intervertebral disc in the lumbar region helps absorb compressive forces, in the dish creating a space for spinal nerves to leave the spinal column (Nordin& Frankel, 2003). In the event inordinate compressive pressure is placed on the disc, sometimes tears can occur in the disc. The force of the gel put on the tears can lead the disc tearing at that point. In some cases, the disc can ruptured at the point of the tear. Disc problems like this makes the disc vulnerable to compression as the player takes various swings in the process of playing, and this results into the pain. Unlike pain caused by muscle sprain, this type of pain can radiate into the buttocks and the legs (Muscolino, 2009) and may be the cause of pain being felt into the buttocks.Thus, to conclude, the two types of pain being felt by this particular player may be as a result of both a muscle sprain in the lower back region and a disc

Stylistic analysis Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Stylistic analysis - Coursework ExampleIn his column for Time Magazine (Krauthammer Dignity), create verbally shortly after the memorial was opened, Krauthammer supported the decision to eschew the desires of many disability advocates and in a prominent sculpture, cover FDRs wheelchair. Typical of Krauthammers writing style, he took the issue and transformed it into a scathing criticism of contemporary politicians penchant for self-exposure.This is something Krauthammer does often in his polemic style of writing he starts out discussing one topic and adeptly switches it to another to effectively make his point, with wit and plenty of logic. A check of his most(prenominal) recent columns, published in The Washington Post and in 200 other newspapers and media outlets, demonstrates this technique. In another of his columns nigh the FDR memorial, for example, he starts off by talking about the movie Pearl Harbor, which he calls an engagingly ramshackle mess of comical improbabilities , 40s clichs and dialogue so corny it must flip been (was it?) deliberate (Krauthammer Campaign).Krauthammer then uses a scene in the movie, which has President Roosevelt uncharacteristically open about his disability, to illustrate how both the movie and the memorial went against Roosevelts wishes to conceal his disabilities. It is an effective tool, one made to a greater extent powerful when the reader remembers that the one using the tool is also a user of a wheelchair, and most likely holds the same opinions about disability as FDR did. While Krauthammer has never gone on the learn expressing those opinions, his behavior and dignity would seem to support it.Krauthammers disability occurred when he was a first-year medical student at Harvard University, in a diving accident. In spite of this, he graduated with his path in 1975 and went on to a successful medical practice, with a wide range of publications in his field of view of psychiatry

I have two Questions from past exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

I have two Questions from past exam - demonstrate ExampleThe hierarchical order goes in the same sequence in which the needs have been mentioned above. physiological needs include food, air and water etc which atomic number 18 the fundamental necessities of life and life is not doable without them. Then come the credentials needs. In order to feel secure, an undivided should be financially stable. He/she should be employed, should preferably have a seat, and should be provided with health and safety both in the stem and at work. If the security needs are met, an individual would look for love. He/she would prefer to have home near the workplace and would build good rapport with his/her peers at the workplace. After this, the individual would need to suggest his/her self esteem. Again, self esteem requires stability. Unemployment makes an individual unstable financially and this has an adverse impact on the individuals psychology as well. Maslow was of the view that an indivi dual can not feel a higher(prenominal) level need unless all lower level needs have been adequately finish. For example, unless an individuals physiological needs have been completely met, he/she would not look for security because something more great than security has not been gained. In the case under consideration, unemployment causes lack of security. As the individuals security needs are not fulfilled, he/she would have low self esteem and would experience mental distress.On the contrary, an employed person can have all of his/her four basic needs fulfilled and will feel the need to improve his/her skills and competence in work through self actualization. The philosophical system presented by Maslow makes sense. Money is undoubtedly the driving factor in all areas of life. In addition, there are several more reasons to keep an employed person psychologically healthy as compared to an unemployed person. For example, when a person is employed, he/she gets to spend a large po rtion of the day at work. This gives a considerable relief from